All
of the major urban centers in progressive countries use the most modern
communication facilities to connect them to people around the world. All of
these telephone systems are dependent on their use of the latest components and
technologies collated by the latest software.
Today,
this communication matrix are all in use for business and commerce, medicine,
news, entertainment, labor, politics and maybe all the other human aspects that
need communications. The surprise is that science and engineering had been able
to synchronize and let work together the mix of the old and the new systems.
There
are now several network system types at work at any place.
PBX
This
acts as a switch in switching calls in telephony or circuit switched networks. This
older system cannot pass IP packets and is now being replaced with IP PBXs. The
IP PBX supports the IP protocol in connecting the phones and is much easier to
administer because they use an Internet browser or some other IP-based utility.
The
system is favored by most medium and large-sized companies where the users
share a certain number of outside lines which enable calls considered external
to the PBX. This type is less expensive than getting each user to use a dedicated
external line.
Internal and external calls
Phone
sets, fax machines, modems, and other communications devices can be connected
to PBX. The trunk lines are used for making and receiving calls external to the
business like PSTN. The internal calls within the same system are switched by
the PBX.
Trunk
lines (outside lines) are used for making and receiving calls external to the
business, like the PSTN. Internal business calls made to external lines are
done by dialing 9 or 0 in some systems followed by the number. Internal calls
within the same system are switched by the PBX.
Circuit-switched networks
PSTN
(Public Switch Telephone Network) is a circuit-switched network and can have
multiple calls sent across the same medium. It is a network of dedicated
connections where two nodes can communicate.
It
uses two types, analog and digital. The analog is for voice transmission,
although PSTN has now transitioned to digital these days. Circuit switching has
the full circuit, unlike the packet switching. It is possible to be inefficient
because bandwidth is wasted.
Packet-switched networks
The
system basically divides the message into several packets of smaller units. These
are sent out and are reassembled at the receiving point. With this type of network, like the Internet,
packets are routed to their destinations in individual nodes on data links
shared by other nodes.
Packet-switched
networks have their data communications enabled on the Internet. (This is the
data counterpart of PSTN). The system makes all the data networks widespread.
The
SIP-enabled PBXs acts as the networking switch in calling circuit-switched
networks or phone systems. SIP differs from regular PBX because it can connect
to the Internet using SIP protocols in making calls.
The
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) has both software and hardware that enable
call transmissions. These are also sent in packets using IP instead of
traditional transmissions. These days, choices on telephone systems Melbourne are
feasible.